How to Determine the Value of Art

When buying art—whether to fill a bare wall or add to a comprehensive collection of objects—do you ever wonder, “Is this really worth what I’m paying?”

You are not alone. Art–unlike pretty much anything else you buy where the cost is based on things like labor and parts, supply and demand–does not necessarily follow standard market rules. Or any discernible rules, for that matter. Sometimes it’s priced by the square inch but even then, if an artist really likes a painting, he might price it considerably higher. (And good luck finding out why.) This reality can leave collectors feeling a little queasy.

In the March 2023 issue of the Collector’s Notebook for Western Art & Architecture, I looked at how art is priced (Demystifying the Art Market). This month, I am going to try to add some context to the valuation of art and give you a few tools to bolster your confidence when making purchases. (You can read my original blog here.)

Art Dealers: King Makers

Dealers sell art, yes, but they actually play a much bigger role in building value—or more precisely, the perceived value—of art. In Michael Shnayerson’s book Boom: Mad Money, Mega Dealers, and the Rise of Contemporary Art, he sums up the market like this: “The meteoric rise of the largest unregulated financial market in the world—for contemporary art—is driven by a few passionate, guileful, and very hard-nosed dealers. They can make and break careers and fortunes.”

Whether you’re buying “contemporary art” ala Damien Hurst or not, the realities of the art market that this book sheds light on are ubiquitous. Art dealers around the world work behind the scenes to get their artists edit in magazines and newspapers and to shore up auction results (sometimes bidding works up or buying them at high prices to maintain or increase an artist’s value). Dealers also make sure their artists are discovered in the right art fairs and that important works are collected by prominent buyers. And they keep an eye on what museum curators are looking at, who they are planning exhibitions for and collecting because having your artists hanging on museum walls goes a long way in establishing value.

This behind the scenes work dealers do is a tried-and-true marketing strategy specific to the art world dating back to French art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel, who, in the mid-1800s, changed the course of art sales forever when he started paying his artists monthly stipends to produce work. He so believed in his artists when no one else did that he kept pushing their work out into the market until his efforts finally paid off—in spades. Those artists were the “Impressionists.”

Everyone knows the Impressionists today but back when Durand-Ruel was their dealer and biggest patron, their work was openly mocked. Sure, Monet, Degas, and Renoir probably would have taken off at some point, but having a strong dealer in their court undoubtedly hastened their acceptance.

The Backroom

All this to say, if you are concerned about value, look more closely at the dealers who are working with the artists you admire. Yes, dealers are pushing the artists they carry because it’s their business, but they don’t have to sell art they don’t believe in.

Next time you stop in a gallery, try this approach: ask which artist the gallerist is most excited about. This query may just earn you a trip to the backroom and storage racks to look at hidden gems. Be sure to keep an open mind about what you’re getting to see and listen for why they personally love that artist. You can apply that criteria to artists and the work you’re considering buying.

Here’s the best part. Gallerists, like seasoned collectors, are always on the hunt for the next big artist and pinnacle works of art—those “painter’s paintings” and “sculptor’s sculptures.” These tend to be atypical works. If you like one of those pieces, buy it. They are rare and may mark a turning point in an artist’s career. The downside is that, if you decide to resell an atypical piece, you may not find a buyer because the majority of people won’t get it. If that happens, you need to channel your inner Durand-Ruel and hang on to it.

Museum Curators: Taste Makers

On the other side of the valuation-coin are art museums. Heiress Peggy Guggenheim is an interesting person to consider because she straddled both worlds of commerce and philanthropy.

(left Peggy Guggenheim in Paris, c. 1940, photo by Rogi Andre)

She had, for a time during WWII, owned a gallery in New York City, Art of This Century, where she exhibited and sold works by Jackson Pollock, Max Ernst, Clifford Still, Mark Rothko, and others. She too paid some of her artists stipends to work and was the driving force behind the careers of many Cubists, Surrealists, and Abstract Expressionists.

But she is best known for her prescient collecting ability—or perhaps it’s the other way around. Maybe she didn’t discover talent so much as she created the market for artists she collected. In the most positive light, Guggenheim epitomizes the important relationship between collectors and museums. This is why we recommend anyone wanting to start collecting, and those wishing to refine or level up, join groups through museums that financially support curators in their quest to buy pinnacle works of art.

The Inside Track

In the museum world, selling art to pay for the costs of running the institution is verboten. According to the American Alliance of Museums:

A museum may transfer an object to another museum or sell it, but if a deaccessioned object is sold, museum professional ethics require the proceeds from the sale be used only to acquire new objects for the collection or provide direct care of the collection.

In other words, no pillaging the museum’s holdings to pay the electric bill.

Perhaps the more important distinction here, however, is that museums are not to be confused with commercial galleries. This doesn’t mean museum curators work in a bubble—they are aware of the market—but their buying decisions need to be driven by factors outside the market.

You Bought What?

So, how do curators decide what to buy? We asked Susan Barnett, Scarlett Curator of Western Art, Whitney Museum at the Buffalo Bill Center of the West, for a little insight. Her exhibition, “POP! Goes the West,” opens this month and her recent research into curating that show added some interesting context to common issues that arise.

“We’re always looking for artists with a fresh take on the West,” she says, and explains that she considers a number of factors before adding works to the collection. “What are the stories we’re missing in our collection? What artists are thinking about the West we live in today?” And, interestingly, she says she wants to be wowed.

The problem with obtaining those “wow” pieces are that they are either too expensive for most museums to buy or, if the artist is newer on the scene and still affordable, their work is unproven and more of a gamble. To the latter point, Barnett says, “Any artist doing something exceptional will be different and look risky.”

In the book, POP Art, a Critical History, Albert H. Barr, the first director of the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York City, is remembered as saying: “If one choice in ten that we make turns out to be valid in retrospect, we will have done very well indeed.” This line underscores the immense problem museums—and collectors—face when buying art by living artists, especially those doing work that doesn’t easily fit into known categories.

Getting it Right

But don’t let those odds stop you! In fact, this is where museum curators in their role as visionaries for a collection can offer you a peek behind the veil, as it were. But first, a caveat. Do not join a collector’s groups if you expect your own aesthetic to be validated by the curator. They have a goal to collect important work that, as Barnett puts it, adds to the story and that will, fingers crossed, continue to tell that story long after they’re gone. Your job is to be a financial partner who, in exchange, gains knowledge and some pretty great access to artist studios and the homes of rockstar collectors, as well as behind the scenes tours of museums. You also get privileged access to curators.

But this access is where things can get sticky. Curators want to keep their major donors happy, but they also need to maintain distance and take time to consider every new work of art introduced to the collection. Storage space is usually tight as are budgets. Curators have to make tough decisions which may mean saying no to good art that simply doesn’t add to the overall collection. Again, trust the curator, ask questions, and know that you are contributing to a bigger mission.

Circling Back

So, we’re back to where we started with the question of determining value. The best plan is to study the market from both sides, commercial and non-profit. Visit galleries and then look to see what museums are collecting. An artist should be able to slowly and consistently raise their prices and have a constant exhibition history; this indicates a solid, thriving career that you can feel good about. If museums offer an artist a show and/or collect their work, take this as a serious stamp of approval. And when faced with art that catches you off guard and stirs a reaction inside you, remember, most collectors hated the Impressionists.

To learn more about the art market, check out these blogs:

Pricing Art: The Gender Gap

Making Sense of the Price of Art

Art Appraisals 101

This blog first appeared in the Collector's Notebook in Western Art & Architecture, April / May 2022

Ever wondered whether you should have your collection of original art appraised?

No worries, we’re here to help. For starters, the answer is: yes, most definitely. Not only that, but you should have your art collection appraised every three to five years, sooner for really high-end works.

Let’s start with why.

Insurance Coverage

One of the top reasons collectors need an appraisal is for insurance. This kind of appraisal determines the “replacement cost,” i.e., the cost to replace art stolen or lost in a fire, for example. Check with your agent, but insurance companies don’t usually cover art without an appraisal.

A common misnomer: My art is covered under my general homeowner’s policy.

It is and it isn’t. Because people were gaming the system, insurance companies put a seriously low cap on coverage of art and jewelry under homeowner’s policies. You need a floater called a “personal article policy.” And the only way to get this is with either a replacement cost valuation/appraisal (see the rules for your state and insurance company) or you can have your art dealer supply you with a document indicating the current market value–replacement cost–for works they sold you.

For living artists, these values are established by the artist often with input from dealers who handle their work. For deceased artists, this value is established on the secondary market and at auction.

Note: Insurance appraisals always get collectors excited; the retail price for work they purchased years ago, for most artists, will have gone up over time, sometimes significantly. Collectors need to remember that they probably can’t sell this art for the prices they see on a replacement cost appraisal. (I discussed these reasons in a blog about buying and selling at auction.)

The 3 Ds: Divorce, Debt, Death

Division of property. We’re talking divorce, debt, and death. As if these situations weren’t bad enough, now you have to pay someone to appraise your collection (or your family member’s collection) only to divvy it up. These appraisals are done to establish the “fair market value,” which is the amount each work of art would sell for between a willing buyer and seller. This is not the replacement cost; there is a difference, sometimes are very big difference.

Estate appraisal. These appraisals are required for probate dealings. There is a threshold an estate needs to meet before an appraisal is required by the IRS. Check with your accountant to determine whether the fair market value of the real and personal property included in the estate exceeds the annually established unified credit exemption.

Donation. Donating art to museums or institutions such as your alma mater serves the dual purpose of being both altruistic and a great tax write-off. Most institutions will request an appraisal before accepting donations. You’ll also need an appraisal for your accountant when tax time rolls around. These fair market appraisals come closer to replacement value but use auction records more heavily when determining value.

What to Look for in an Appraiser

In many states, appraisers of art do not have to be licensed to do replacement valuations for insurance. They do, however, need to have substantial market knowledge, which is why you can often find gallerists and curators doing these kinds of appraisals. Check the laws of your state before selecting an appraiser for insurance valuations and ask your insurance agent for his or her requirements. Most other appraisals will have to be done by a licensed appraiser.

No matter what kind of appraisal you require, it’s wise to look for an appraiser with specific knowledge of the art you collect. While appraisers can certainly sleuth out the valuation of most anything, some appraisers specialize in disciplines, such as Western art or Bauhaus furniture, jewelry or antique farm equipment. There are lots of factors to consider when determining valuation, so having someone with deep market knowledge will ensure the best results.

Do ask for recommendations and check online with the national and international associations of appraisers. You can also ask museum curators and gallerists you know, and even your insurance agent for referrals.

What to Expect

Appraisers will give you a letter of intent that explains how they work and how they charge–usually by the hour. Rates are fairly standard but vary from state to state. Plan for the appraisal to run $125 to $350 an hour.

Do not ask your appraiser to turn around and sell art for you. This is a major conflict of interest. If you want someone to sell your collection, you want an art adviser not an appraiser.

Get a Head Start

There are some great online tools to help keep track of your art, such as Airtable and My Art Collection. (Check out the link to Rose’s premade Airtable stocked with everything you need to get started.) Keeping your records in an orderly and central location will help your appraiser create an accurate repost and save time. Here’s a handy list of the key elements to track.

Artwork title. Don’t make this up. Often, the artist will have written the title on the back of a painting or along the base of a sculpture. If no title exists, call it “untitled” or “title unknown” and give it a small description.
Size of the image and outer size of the frame, height by width. For sculpture, add depth. Note: art dimensions are always listed in this order: height by width by depth.
Medium–oil, pastel, watercolor, bronze, etc. And list the specifics of the substrate, if you know it, such as “oil on linen,” or “c-print mounted on card.” If you’re not sure, call an artist; they will know immediately what you’ve got.
Year the artwork was created. If you don’t know exactly, list the approximate date, and toss the word “circa” after to denote that you’re pretty sure it was done close to this year.
What you paid. If you have the invoice and are uploading things in a spreadsheet, consider taking a scan or photo of your sales records, and add them to the digital file.
Where you purchased the artwork. This establishes a lovely trail called “provenance.” Over time, provenance established the importance of the work and, thereby, it’s value. If a work of art you own has been shown in a museum or major exhibition, make sure you keep record of that and leave the museum tag, if one was placed on the back of the work, exactly where it is. (By the way, if a museum wants to borrow something, for goodness sakes, say yes! This supports the artist and your collection.)
Frame on painting or base of sculpture. Add details like closed corner or chop frame (where you see the joined corners), gold leaf, compo ornamentation, etc. And note whether the frame is original to the work of art. If you are unsure, no worries. Just include a photo of the frame.
Note whether a painting is under glass or plexi, museum grade, UV, etc.
Detail any dings or mars to the frame or artwork surface, as well as discoloration or creases to works on paper.
Photographic documentation. You don’t need to take print worthy pictures for your records. In fact, iPhone pics are pretty darned good. The main aspects to document are the front and back of paintings. For sculptures, get photos from three to four angles. For all art, take a closeup of the signature and get at least one overall photo in the frame or of the sculpture and it’s base. If the frame is really special, get a couple closeups of corners or compo designs.

When taking pictures of paintings under glass, try this trick: using ambient light, lay the work flat on the ground, shut off overhead lights that are reflecting off the glass, then shoot down. You may have to move your body a bit until you find the best spot with the least reflection–or try standing on a chair–but the smart phone camera auto adjusts for low light.

Again, don’t forget to take a photo of the back of 2-D work. Sometimes the back of a painting is more intriguing than the front! Any writing, signatures, and labels from galleries or exhibitions help support the work’s provenance.

Airtable

I keep track of my collection and those of clients online, in Airtable. If you’re not familiar with Airtable, you really need to check it out. It’s a free, open-source application that has tables for just about anything you can think of. It’s basically Excel on speed. Here’s a link to my layout for collectors: Rose’s Art Collection Base.

Art Insurance: Are you sure you’re covered?

As residents of Los Angeles begin the complicated process of rebuilding after fires wiped out more than 15,000 homes and businesses, the last thing anyone facing that future wants to hear is that they weren’t adequately insured. A recent study by the University of Colorado Boulder, however, found that three-quarters of people who lost their homes in the 2021 Marshall Fire that ravaged suburban Boulder County were not fully covered. In fact, one-third of homeowners were severely underinsured, holding coverage for less than 75 percent of their home’s value.

In light of current events in L.A., North Carolina, and Hawaii, we thought the topic of insurance was timely, if only to nudge readers into double checking and confirming that their valuables are covered.

How Do Disasters Affect Premiums?

It’s safe to say that insurance premiums will increase no matter where you live. Insurance is a numbers game—lots of people buy into a plan to spread the risk as widely as possible. And then the probability of loss is factored in. With so many big events like hurricanes and wildfires, many companies have come to the point where they simply can’t charge enough in premiums to cover the inevitable devastation. In Florida, for example, almost no one will cover structures built within five miles of the coast. In L.A., more than a year ago, many insurance companies pulled coverage in areas at the highest risk for wildfires and mudslides because it’s not a question of if but when and that risk was just too high.

When this happened, state governments stepped in and created their own insurance funds. The problem with these funds, one agent explained, is fairly fundamental: states’ asset to liability ratios are not held to the same standards and regulations as the insurance industry is. If a state doesn’t have enough assets to pay out on claims, they will have to tap into other funding sources, essentially robbing Peter to pay Paul.

On top of that, citizens often lay blame on governments for not being able to protect them from disasters. In L.A., for example, lawsuits have been filed against municipalities claiming they should have enough water on hand to fight the fires. Legal battles such as these further drain the government’s coffers and can impede the payment process.

Know Before You Need It

Art does—and doesn’t—fall under your general homeowner’s policy. At one time, art and jewelry were covered, but because people started gaming the system, companies capped the payout; some companies pay as little as $2,500 per work of art.

To make sure you are covered, you need a supplemental “personal article policy.” These floater policies are fluid, meaning you can add and subtract objects without having to create a whole new policy. The catch is that you need to prove every items’ value.

Market Value

As trustworthy as you are, you can’t just call your agent and give him an amount you need to cover your collection; you have to have an up-to-date appraisal. (See Western Art & Architecture Collector’s Notebook April/May 2022 for more information on appraisals.) These appraisals document the replacement cost of the works in your collection, i.e., the cost of buying a work of art that is of “like kind and quality.” An appraiser will photograph the objects you want insured, condition report and document things like artist’s signature, dimensions, medium, framing or base, and what, if anything, is on the back or underside of each piece of art. Then the appraiser analyzes the market to determine the cost to replace each work of art if you had to buy it again.

Appraisals can be time consuming and get expensive but once you have it done your appraiser can update values on art that has increased rapidly. If you don’t have much art, you can also call the gallery where you purchased pieces and ask them to send you a current valuation document on their letterhead. They can substantiate the current market value as long as they are still selling those artists’ work.

In a 2024 interview for Antiques and the Arts Weekly, senior vice president and fine arts and valuable collections product manager for Chubb, Laura Doyle suggested that collectors with high value items have appraisal updates done every three to five years, but for works in art markets that tend to appreciate quickly, Doyle suggests a one to two year revaluation.

Mitigation

These personal article policies on art tend to be surprisingly reasonable. Jewelry is another story—these items are easily damaged or lost because we wear them, and they are easier to steal then fine art. But fine art, once hung, is relatively safe because it is kept out of harms way.

With large collections of significant value, insurance companies have underwriters who can visit your home and create a report with suggested ways to limit your risk of loss. It’s good to use the same company you use for homeowner’s policy because these policies should jibe, but also because if there is, say a fire or flood, the reimbursement processed can be streamlined. But it’s best to call around or speak with a broker who can compare several companies to find the best coverage for you.

Mitigating loss is not only a good way to lower your rate but it’s a good piece of mind. There are lots of great security systems that integrate burglar alarms with fire, water, temperature and humidity controls.

Interestingly, many companies no longer offer discounts for installing a sprinkler system in your home. The problem with these systems is that, along with putting out the fire—a fire that may have been easily handled with a fire extinguisher—they douse your entire home with water and that water damage can destroy floors, furniture and art, as well as soak your walls.

Other Concerns

It’s best to consider transporting art. If you take a painting out on loan, for example, you need to have the gallery clearly state that that their insurance covers the art while in your car and at your home while you make up your mind. If not, your insurance will not cover any damage, so you could be on the hook should anything happen. Once you do buy something, however, it is important that you let you agent know so he or she can add that to your personal articles policy. Savvy collectors will call their agent before they take possession of expensive works of art to make sure they are covered.

Essentially, collectors, the best defense is—you guessed it—a good offense. Call your agent, go over your coverage, and take the next steps to getting everything insured. Whatever you do, don’t wait until you need it.

How to Help Artists In Need

Many artists in L.A., South Carolina, Hawaii and other areas stricken by wildfires, floods, hurricanes, and other disasters have lost everything—art, archives, supplies, computers with their clients and gallery information. If you would like to help, please go online and research funds and resources in need of money and donations. Because there are a few people out there who have no problem taking advantage of those in need, we strongly recommend double checking the organization to make sure they are legit.

Some organizations to check into include:

The National Heritage Responders hotline at 202-661-8068 to talk with trained conservators and collections care professionals administered by the Foundation for Advancement in Conservation.

For questions about saving family heirlooms and personal collections, email the National Heritage Responders at NHRpublichelpline@culturalheritage.org.

Check out FEMA’s site, https://www.fema.gov/disaster/recover/save-family-treasures.

Grief and Hope, https://www.gofundme.com/f/help-rebuild-the-lives-of-las-artists-and-art-workers, a Go Fund Me effort in Southern California

North Carolina Arts Disaster Relief Fund operated by the North Carolina Arts Foundation is actively supporting artists, so contact them:

https://www.ncartsfoundation.org/donate-nc-disaster-relief

Do you need an art valuation for insurance? Give me a call to discuss, 303-733-4755.

Icons for a New West–What’s in a Name?

You’d think that as much as artists hate to be pigeonholed, the art world wouldn’t act like a bunch of kids on a playground hurling names at one another. OK, sure, names and labels make for an easy shorthand, but they can also be used to minimize and even disregard entire genres of art.

Take western art, for example. Wow, does that label come with some baggage. Over the nearly 30 years I curated the Coors Show, so many people told me they hate western art. Hate. I get it; the genre is packed with cliches. But what about all the artists who live in this region? What do they call themselves? And how about artists who paint western subject matter in a novel way? Should we pass them over, too?

For my next show, “Icons for a New West,” now on display at Gallery 1261, I talked to artists who are doing what I consider “contemporary” western art. In other words, they are not shying away from iconic subject matter but instead are looking for important things to say about the West. Here’s a deep look at what these women and men are doing.

Reframing Icons

Artist William Matthews has been boldly embracing the moniker “western” artist for decades. A true autodidact, Willy possesses a larger-than-life personality and seemingly endless supply of curiosity and energy.

Where many artists visit a rodeo and paint from photos, Willy paints his long time friends–ranchers living off the grid, cowboys with more years in the saddle than they can count, as well as the land he has traveled since he was a boy.

The paintings I curated into this show took my breath away, this one presented here in particular. How iconic is the train to the West? And how many times have we seen it painted? But when has an artist put you above the train and left you with more questions than answers? This is why Willy is a master.

I love seeing Melanie Yazzie‘s work in the context of any western art show. A Navajo and master print maker, Melanie teaches at CU Boulder and taught printmaking and exhibited her work around the world. I always tell collectors to look at the work Indigenous artists are creating; it’s unlike anything else being done today. The pieces I have in the show by Melanie (please email me to see more), are joyfully filled with layers of meaning.

I will never forget a conversation I had with Melanie about her earlier work when she was just out of college. She said her work was angry–because she was angry at the injustice of this country and how her people continue to be treated. But then she realized the people she wanted to listen to her and understand were not paying attention because they had written her off as another “angry Indian.” So, she changed her mindset and with it her work changed, too. Now she creates art that draws people in and encourages them to ask questions, to see this place through a new lens.

A Sign of the Times

Don Stinson once called the Rocky Mountains a “celebrity landscape.” I like that term and think it’s quite fitting. This land has played a leading role in western expansion, the preservation of public lands, and national parks. But maybe this land is a little too pretty. Maybe it’s too easy to leave out the very real issues facing the West. Not that everything needs to have a message, but artists have been throughout time our best observers and voices calling attention to problems facing mankind.

I really like Gerald Peters Gallery curator Evan Feldman’s statement about Don’s work: “The tension in the American landscape is not always represented in landscape paintings. Instead, often we see a pastoral or romantic respite from the urban, industrial realities of our contemporary lives… [A]rtists challenge us to see beyond the romantic and embrace the everyday presence of the art in our midst. Their work inspires us by drawing attention to both the cultural complexity and sublime threat of human presence in the western landscapes of our time.”

Similarly, fifth generation Coloradan, Stephanie Hartshorn‘s work is all about that exploration of the land. In particular, her depictions of iconic western signs draw attention to these obtrusions on the land that have marred–and decorated–our landscape since the first automobile hit the road.

“My family came from Germany and started a cattle ranch east of Colorado Springs,” she says. And she added, “Themes in shows are typically very male-centric,” she says. “There are fewer female artists in the field and fewer still who paint architecturally. There are times that people are surprised to discover that I am a woman…and I’m OK with that.”

Art Deco, Meet Western Art

I adore Tim Cherry‘s work so when I finally met him, it was no surprise that he is as kind and joyful as his work. His work is a rather interesting combination of ideas, something great artists meld flawlessly. Tim honed his animal anatomy skills as a young man working in taxidermy. His penchant for Art Deco developed around the same time and emerged out of his love of art and architecture that incorporates smooth, stylized lines. The thread that pulls it all together: his most delightful sense of humor. How wonderful to see the familiar through Tim’s eyes.

On the Edge

When a painting holds mystery, it keeps calling you back to try to figure it out. The wonderful thing is that the painting changes as you change. It’s kind of like picking up a book you read in high school because you had to. You read with a mind that hadn’t experiences nearly as much of life as you have now. So, rereading that book, you will see and feel it differently and memories will come back–or you will realize that you don’t remember parts at all. So, much is painting like life–it’s full of memory and meaning that we attach to it. Mikael Olson is one of those dreamy painters whose work is always on the edge of complete abstraction, kind of like he’s painting memories more than scenes.

Larger Than Life

It’s common for sculptors to create monumental work for parks and public collections. What I absolutely adore about Tony Hochstetler‘s work is how he takes the tiniest of sentient beings and sculpts them into monumental statements–well, monumental for a seed pod or a snail, that is. In so doing, he extracts the lovely natural patterns and forms and works them into art that seems to dance into life, like the servants from Beauty and the Beast who were magically turned into household objects. Really, how can you hate a set of dancing snails illuminating your home with warm candle light?

Can We Talk?

There’s something about a paisley silk covered gun that makes people stop and engage with one another in a surprisingly sensible way. And so, while pundits shout about gun rights and violence but never accomplish anything, Corey Pickett has taken a different approach. By sculpting guns as upholstered art objects, Pickett has been able to neutralize the heated conversation and get people to slow down and ask questions.

Corey’s Ray Gun series is a particular favorite of mine. It’s his interpretation of Afrofuturism, the African American Science Fiction genre of literature where black protagonists explore the relationship between humans and technology. Once again, art leads the way. (right: Ray Gun 56, wood, foam, fabric, 16 x 15 x 13.5 in)

Out of Context

Amazing, isn’t it, how art can make us reconsider what we already know–or think we know. I love Michael Vacchiano‘s playful reimagining of horses–this one having a good roll after a long day–but in a surreal bed of flowers. And Reen Axtell uses her wit and design skills to combine old photos with stamps, text, architectural drawings, and paint to create knew stories about the past.

Playing with Pattern

Speaking of patterns, isn’t nature genius at patterning? No wonder the western landscape and wildlife are such terrific inspiration for artists. Jeff Puckett‘s photo “Arches Aerial,” Kate Breakey‘s “Leopard Moth” photo/mixed media painting, Johanna Mueller‘s print “Coyote Wreath,” and Dianne Massey Dunbar‘s sunflowers “Reaching Higher” all revel in nature’s sublime patterning.

Metaphorically Speaking

David Carmack Lewis is one of my favorite western painters who plays with themes and dramatically uses light and subtle color to lead you through paintings that often feel like fairytales, or as if you’ve just stepped into a play and now it’s up to you to figure out where you are in this made up world.

Here’s an interesting thing that happened to David. A French poet stumbled upon his work and wrote an ekphrastic poem in response. He sent the poem to David, in French, which David translated. Twelve more poems came after that, each a poetic response to a painting. The poet, Michel Lagrange, was born in 1941 and had been publishing poetry since the 70s was a former classics professor and a Knight of the National Order of Merit. David published a book of these thirteen poems and the paintings that inspired them. It’s a lovely book–check it out here: Seconde Main.

Welcome to the Sublime

It always amazes me how Linda Lillegraven captures so much light and depth in the most quiet of scenes. I have watched collectors approach her work, pause and then look around for someone to talk to about what they are feeling. A longtime resident of Laramie, Wyoming, Linda paints not only the land but the atmosphere, a light breeze, the scent of an approaching storm. She is undoubtedly one of the greatest artists to call Wyoming home.

I thought I knew Susie Hyer‘s work–traditional representational work. Then she asked me to curate a show of her work for her alma mater, Moravian University, in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. On my first trip to her studio in Evergreen, Colorado, I was blown away. The work she had been doing was abstractions of the land and they were gorgeous and moody and etherial. So, why, I asked, wasn’t she showing these? She said her galleries didn’t want them. So, here was this incredible body of work that was so clearly her authentic expression. I knew then that I wanted to show her work.

Missouri born and raised, Billyo O’Donnell paints in thick impasto strokes of pure, vibrant color. Coming west, he worked outside, on location and often camped out. The paintings we have in this show are some of his plein air work.

Of his work and painting on location, he says, “I am focused on the visual experience working from life and in the studio to develop the surface quality of a painting that is rich in texture. I often play with how the two relate, how they struggle for the viewers attention, how the surface language takes you from the image into the paint through a language all its own in structure and abstraction.”

Daniel Sprick is a master of the sublime. His painting “Iron Mountain,” is the view from the deck of his old studio in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. He was looking east at the mountain and his neighbors’ houses. “The afternoon light,” Dan says, “was the sun settling down in the west, behind me but the light was in front of me, so it’s rich and vibrant and dramatic.” The flowers are a familiar subject matter. Here, on the ledge in the shadow, Dan sets a small vase with roses, a favorite element. “I like to combine still life and landscape,” he says of the water and glass vase, which does something more; it turns the whole image upside down, giving the whole painting an added sense of mystery.

You Just Gotta Laugh

Tall tales and anthropomorphizing animals is so very much fun. Clay sculptor Dwight Davidson has been finding humor in the quotidian for years. Interestingly, I met Dwight when he and I were asked to be judges fro the Breckinridge Snow Sculpture Championship. It’s been a lot of fun hearing him discuss sculpture because he sees art in three dimensions, which may not sound earth-shattering, but it is cool to have someone like Dwight articulate what his mind is processing.

Linda Prokop is an absolute delight. She’s been in the biz, living and working in Loveland, CO for decades. But as Stephanie Hartshorn eluded, being a woman in the traditionally man’s world of western art is not easy. But Linda keeps playing with myth’s of the west and has fun presenting them through her feminine lens.

And Elsa Sroka–an artist who has developed her own iconic style, not because she was trying to but because it just came out of her mind that way. You can see her work on the side of buildings and, of course, in my show. Cows are a favorite subject matter for reasons beyond their interesting form and familiarity; they make merry when dropped into human settings and beckon viewers in a quirky, non-confrontational manner. Basically, Elsa’s paintings are hard not to engage with.

Go Ahead, Take a Chance

Let’s face it, an artist’s life can be challenging, to say the least. But they can’t let fear lead the way. When that happens, they become what Wayne Thiebaud called “art world employees.” Sure artists have commitments and need to sell work, but they also need collectors who believe in them and are eager to see where the artist goes next.

Two artists in this show have recently embarked on a new exploration. Terry Gardner, above, is considering how light plays through the branches of trees and, in turn, how that abstract idea can be translated onto paper.

Dan Young is also searching for a more simplified way to express his sense of the western landscape. He’s also coming up against, well, himself and his own style and habits as a painter.

So Ugly They're...Gorgeous

Lee Andre started drawing with charcoal and experimenting with plaster-like surfaces as a way to see what happens when powdery charcoal blends with a soft, mutable substrate.

As for why she paints wildlife, she says that animals offer more intrigue for two reasons: it was an endless subject matter and one that held opportunities for deeper emotional connections.

Lee isn’t, however, interested in in depicting the majestic beasts. She prefers the, well, ugly creatures.

“Lee brings a real emotional aspect to these animals,” a friend of hers told me, “in a way that makes you appreciate this beautiful earth and all its creatures.”

Is Western a Place or an Idea?

Like a scrabble game with a finite set of tiles from which players can create an unlimited series of words, our notion of what is western is only limited by our imagination. And isn’t that the trouble with labels? Suddenly, parameters have been set.

I like Charles (Chuck) Parson‘s thinking about the West: “I believe our culture has lost sight of the individual in favor of sameness. We have become superficial and driven by fitting in, looking and acting the same. But beneath it all is a Western sensibility with its roots in the ideal of the individual roaming freely through the landscape.” Chuck incorporates traditional mediums and styles of working with contemporary. Now in his 80s, Chuck is still a restless artist searching for new ways to express his devotion to the western aesthetic.

Ulrich Gleiter, a German artist who is also constantly in motion traveling across Europe and coming to America every chance he gets, reminds me that there are no real boarders; the land and the elements are eternal–we are the temporary ones.

Jen Starling‘s painting, Metamorphosis, hints at this very thought.

And, I love seeing Quang Ho‘s work in this mix. I wonder, as an immigrant who escaped from a war torn home, will he ever feel at home? But then again, maybe that’s the feeling of the West that so many artist embrace in their own way: home is not a physical space so much as it’s an idea.

Icons for a New West, January 9-28m 2025

Your Collection’s Afterlife

Collecting art is fun! Reselling…not as much. But inheriting someone else’s collection and having to figure out what to do with it can be incredibly frustrating. Think about it. If you didn’t collect it, you probably don’t have the same attachment. And now you are saddled with a bunch of stuff you don’t know how to sell or where to start, much less how to value it.

Because art collections add a few interesting wrinkles to estate planning, I’m taking a look at ways to minimize the issues and help you make sure that, even if your next-of-kin didn’t share your passion, they will know the value of the art you acquired and how to send it on to someone who does want it and will care for it.

Next Month: I'll break this down for artists.

Documentation

A common concern for collectors is that their kids will put everything in a yard sale and sell it along with stacks of faded towels and chipped plates for pennies on the dollar. As any good bargain hunter—and lots of savvy collectors—will tell you, estate sales and thrift stores are great places to find art, antiques, and important books at rock-bottom prices.

When you’re gone, you can’t do anything about yard sales, but you can nip that concern before you go. Determining what happens to your collection starts with a well-documented list that includes where you acquired things, sales receipts, current market values, and a list of dealers who are selling those works.

This can be tedious, but it’s well worth your time–or money to hire someone–to create this document. I discussed this in my monthly column The Collector’s Notebook in Western Art & Architecture “Art Appraisals 101,” in the April/May 2022 issue. Basically, the important things to notate are dimensions, medium (oil, bronze, glass, etc.), frame or sculpture base, price you paid, photos of the work including signature, front and back, and current prices of similar works selling at galleries or auctions.

For some collectors, this list is all you need to share with family members to kick off a discussion of who gets what. For other collectors, this list and the total valuation of your art is just the beginning.

Don’t know where to start? Check out my free online collections management database in Airtable.

Separating the Wheat from the Chaff

If members of your family have ever said (or you suspect this is how they feel): “When you’re gone, we’re going to sell all of this because we don’t like it.”, you are going to want to keep reading.

When it comes to downsizing and refining your collection, you don’t want to leave this task up to your family, which, for above stated reasons, you really shouldn’t. Your options are to donate, gift, or sell art on the secondary market.

There are some wonderful benefits to actively selling art from your collection even while you’re still collecting. Culling and refining your holdings is the key to creating an important and focused collection. Tastes change, especially if you are an avid collector. The more you look at art and get to know artists, the more adept you become at evaluating and refining your collection. You want to weed out lesser works and either trading up or move on.

Consider making time to meet with fellow collectors, dealers, and curators to discuss art and objects and learn more about the genre of work you most enjoy. These folks are great sources of knowledge and will help you improve your eye. They will also come in handy when you go to sell or donate things. You may find that you and your group buy from, sell to, or swap things with each other.

Cleaning House

Once you’ve identified the pieces that no longer fit your collection, it’s time to plan their departure. The best person to sell your art is you. Stay with us on this one. We’re not suggesting you open a gallery. What we are saying is that you, dear collector, know where you got these things and how much you paid. You probably also know something about the artist’s career and whether their art has gone up or down in value in the art market. I discussed resales in “How to Buy and Sell Art at Auction.” Give that article a read so you are prepared for what to expect on the secondary market or at auction. Auctions, in particular, can be tricky; you’ll want to go into that world armed with some basic knowledge about how they work and what to expect in the fine print on those contracts. Speaking of contracts, I’m also going to strongly suggest you read “Laying Down the Law,” my blog on contract and selling art through dealers. You really need to know what you’re getting into!

There are three main avenues for deaccessioning art: resales, gifts, and donations. Let’s start with resales.

Resales

Reselling art is always an adventure. The easiest route is to go through a gallery already familiar with that artist’s work. You’ll pay a commission on these sales, but often you can negotiate the amount. You might even be able to trade for something they have for sale.

Here’s an important caveat: when reselling art by a living artist on the secondary market, you are competing with that artist for sales. One or two pieces won’t make a difference, but if you collected ten or more works, it could crush an artist if you dump all of those pieces on the market at once.

Auctions are another venue for reselling work. They can be, however, deleterious to artists, especially living artists. Sales that go at or below the minimum or don’t sell (bought-in), can damage an artist’s pricing structure by signaling a drop in the valuation of their work. For collectors, auctions are a well-known place to buy below retail, but when you do that, you are, in a sense, lowering the value of the thing you just bought. For this reason, active dealers and some artists with means, will jump in and bid those works up—or try to buy them before they appear in an auction where they may not sell at or above the high estimate.

When considering sending things to auction, take the time to find the best place to represent those works. For example, a painting of a California seascape probably won’t do as well in a Chicago-based auction. Though auctions now can be followed and bid on over the internet, you might still want to place work where the auction house has a good track record for selling that kind of work.

I take a deep dive into reselling art, in the “Collector’s Notebook” article. Here’s a link: “Become a Savvy Salesperson.”

Gifts

Here’s where your itemized list of art will come in handy. Often family members have no idea what things are worth—they just like or dislike something based on an emotional attachment. While you want to make sure the people who love something wind up with it, you may also want to know that there is a fair distribution of art and objects among all. The best way to do this is to have your collection appraised.

If you have substantial art holdings, you most likely know to have that work appraised for insurance. These appraisals should be done every three to five years, as the market fluctuates and, if we’re being honest, you can’t seem to stop buying art and so need to have those new purchases added to your insurance documents.

Not only can the appraised values help you fairly divvy up your collection, but this information can help you understand any tax implications of these gifts. You’ll want to check with your accountant as to whether something exceeds the tax threshold. If you are wondering how anyone will know if you give away something that exceeds the gift tax limits, you’re right, they won’t unless the recipient goes to sell that art. The issue there, as with inherited art, is capital gains tax, which is another question for your accountant.

When it comes to figuring out who gets what, there are lots of ways to do this, such as having folks walk around with a stack of Post-it notes tagging the things they want. If you’d like to make a game out of it, try this novel idea: hold a mock auction. One couple we know with a sizable art collection, invited the kids over, poured some wine, and gave everyone play money. Then they opened the bidding. Winning bidders either left with art that night or were duly noted in the will.

Donations

Did you know many museums won’t accept unsolicited art donations? There are a few reasons for this. The institution may not hold collections, or they have too much in storage or they have enough works by the artist whose work you’d like to donate. This is where involvement with your favorite museum curators is important. Often serious collectors solicit curators to find out what they are looking for so the collector can acquire that work with the intention of bequeathing it to their favorite museum. The bonus is that the collector can write off a charitable donation, if needed.

There are strict laws around charitable donations, so I advise having a conversation with your accountant. The important thing to note is that, in order to write off an art donation above a certain amount on your taxes (check your state regulations), you will need a licensed appraiser to determine the fair market value and write-up a detailed report. This can be costly, and it has the be done within a specific timeframe. There are also restrictions on how long a museum has to hold donated art before they can turn around and sell it. Furthermore, there are restrictions on what a donor can demand of the museum in exchange for donated art. The kind of museum or non-profit organization can also be an issue if there isn’t a direct correlation between the art and the non-profit’s mission. Again, talk to your accountant before you get into a sticky situation.

Donating art has many appealing aspects when done while you’re alive or posthumously. For one, lots more people can enjoy that work and, unless otherwise requested, your name will be listed on the wall materials as the donor, which is a lovely way to immortalize your hard work and excellent taste.

Do you have questions or need help with your art collection? Please send me an email: rose@rosefredrick.com.

The Mommy Problem

Traditionally, women artists have had to make a choice between career and motherhood. More women, however, are finding ways to have their cake and eat it too. Four dynamic career artists talk about how they dealt with the Mommy Problem.

When Adrienne Stein and her husband, artist Quang Ho, told a group of friends they were pregnant, one man—an artist they both knew well—turned to Adrienne and said, “You know your career is going to take a big hit.”

“I thought it was interesting,” Adrienne says, “that he decided to say that to me and not Quang. The insinuation being that I will be giving up my career to raise a child.”

A Tax On Pants

That artist’s comment aligns with hundreds of years of historical proof that women traditionally have given up whatever they were doing to raise children, which is probably why the women artists whose names most readily come to mind didn’t have kids.

But really, it’s not just motherhood that sidelines women. Here’s a fun fact. Rosa Bonheur (1822-1899) was required to get a permit to wear trousers, which she needed so she could attend horse fairs and study animals at slaughterhouses and draw on location or ride her own horse comfortably. Bonheur, who never married and didn’t have children, was, by the way, a financially independent artist—quite wealthy, by all accounts, from the sale of paintings—at a time when women who made art were looked on as having a nice hobby, something to keep idle hands busy while the family was off doing other things.

Then there’s Mary Cassatt (1844-1926) who never married or had children either. Some have speculated that childhood trauma precluded her from marrying. More likely, she realized she had to choose between motherhood and an artist’s life, and so chose artist.

Sure You Can Be An Artist and Have Kids

As abstract expressionism exploded across the US, a few women artists were making strong contributions, however, it was extremely rare to meet a female artist of the early and mid-twentieth century who had children. Of the famous Ninth Street women—Lee Krasner, Elain DeKooning, Helen Frankenthaler and others—only Grace Hartigan had a child and she sent him to be raised by her parents while she pursued her career.

In more recent times, there have been prominent women artists who raised children but for more women, Tracey Emin’s famous commentary rings true:

There are good artists that have children. Of course there are. They are called men.

To get a pulse on contemporary women artists who have or currently are negotiating careers and mothering, we gathered Adrienne Stein, Kate Brockman, Robin Cole, and Stephanie Hartshorn to discuss the Mommy Problem.

The Mommy Problem

“I had moments where I’d think: I have to get the hell out of here and get to the studio, even if I just sit and stare at an artwork for two hours,” sculptor Kate Brockman confesses, reflecting on her choice to ultimately put her career on the backburner for eighteen years while she raised her daughter. “It just felt so selfish to go to my studio.”

Adrienne Stein, despite well-meaning warnings, hasn’t broken her stride. “I had laid a foundation of showing in galleries and doing portrait commissions by the time I met my husband,” she said. “I had built my personal vision as an artist before becoming a parent.”

Stephanie Hartshorn was working as an architect when she married and started a family. The thought of shifting into an art career happened, in a way, because of her children and the desire to instill creativity in them.

“When my girls were born, I ended up staying home for six years—that was unplanned. It worked out beautifully and I would not take one of those days away,” she says. “It’s strange though. I know myself as these different iteration in life; my girls only know me as an artist, and I find that mind blowing.”

Keeping a Foot in the Door

“I think this is so personality specific,” says Robin Cole, as she takes in what her fellow artists are saying. “I mean, it took me a really long time to decide that I wanted to have children, at a philosophical level. So, when I found myself with this sweet baby boy, it took me by surprise how much I absolutely ceased to care about anything else. It’s shocking. I thought I’d be back out in the studio in eight weeks. I mean, I’m self-employed, right? I can take as much unpaid leave as I want, but I am a meaningful contributor to our family’s bottom line.”

It’s not just contributing to the bottom line, though; it’s keeping a foot in the door in a world where you are easily replaced.

“Liam has really lived in our studios ever since he was born,” Stein says. “And by that I mean at three days old he was strapped on me in my studio.” This is because she couldn’t take time off—she had shows lined up and paintings in various stages that needed to be completed and shipped across the country. “I’m very fortunate to have a wonderful and supportive partner who’s very participatory. And since we’re both artists, it worked for us to fold him right into what we were already doing.”

Don't Mind the Belly

Hartshorn recalls walking around construction sites days before going into labor. “My daughter was born a week after my last big project ended,” she recalls. “Kate was born and right away I knew that the allotted time off was not enough. I requested an extra three months without pay.”

Hartshorn did go back to work but by the time her second daughter came along, the economy had gone south, and architecture firms were closing. Hartshorn took the opportunity to regroup and focus on developing her painting career.

For Brockman, a bronze sculptor who, prior to marrying had built a foundry in her studio to pour her own bronze casts, there was no way she could have a child anywhere near her studio. The bigger problem was finding a solid stretch of time to work away from home. “I couldn’t just pick up a piece of clay and start sculpting,” she says. “You’ve got to make an armature and, well, there’s a process. So, unless I could get four hours in my studio, nothing was going to happen.”

Postpartum--It's Real, Y'all

“I was in a very, very strange emotional and psychological place in postpartum,” Cole recalls. “I could not be parted from that child for more than a couple of hours for at least a year. Now that he’s a toddler, I do feel better about being away from him. I still harbor truly a lot of guilt for not perfectly sculpting every single moment of his existence, but I think it’s probably for the best that I don’t.”

And lest we gloss over the fact that chasing children is just plain exhausting mentally and physically, Cole adds, “One thing I have learned about myself is the type of energy that the immense life force that is toddler-hood takes from me comes out of my creative energy. I just can’t work in the studio without childcare because I can never fully get into the mental space that I need to be in to do any kind of meaningful work.”

“There are times that we have deadlines,” Stein says. “We have to work on weekends and sometimes into the evenings after I put Liam to bed. I think Quang’s less stressed out than I am because he’s a lot more established. And he’s at a point in his life where he can enjoy being a dad.”

The Guilt Spiral

Mommy groups and PTO parents generally don’t understand what these women artists do, either. Really, why can’t you just crank out a painting while you’re making cookies?

“I loved being involved with the girls’ school, but I had a new path in art opening for me,” Hartshorn recalls. “And I had not fully established myself.” So began the guilt spiral. “When things were happening at the school,” she says, “I found myself thinking I could help but wait, this is my time and it’s a very short window before the kids get home and need me.”

But as hard as she worked at her art, she says she wasn’t really considered a career woman either; she was looked at instead as someone who had a self-centered hobby. “It was really stressful for me at times,” Hartshorn says. “I just felt so much guilt.”

Now that Brockman’s daughter is heading off to college, she finds the divide between friend groups quite striking. “I had some sculptures in a gallery show downtown. All my friends came, and they were like, Oh, this is serious stuff; you’re not just fooling around with a little bit of clay,” Brockman says. “But I will say that beyond the parenting group, I kind of feel like an outsider anyway, with anybody who is not an artist. I mean, I don’t think my husband gets what I do, really, or why I do it.”

Loosing Yourself

“I think it’s very easy to lose yourself,” Stein says, not only of motherhood but of being married to an established artist.

“I sometimes question whether I am sucked into Quang’s vortex already. But I was never Quang’s student, and I don’t paint anything like him. I’ve had a path that’s really distinct. I have my own unique vision and artistic approach. We influence each other a lot as artists, and we ask for each other’s opinions, and we critique each other’s work quite a bit. And Quang is devoted to me having as much time to paint and to develop as an artist as he gets.”

Cole admits she was worried about losing herself and her art because she had been, before marriage, fiercely independent. “The part that kind of surprised me the most,” Cole says, “was not external pressure. It was a very honest, internal yearning. I did not understand how much of my emotional register had not been explored yet. And there was so much that came into my being as a mother, and by extension as an artist, that I didn’t know I was missing.”

Rediscovering Yourself

“Being a mother,” Brockman adds, “has matured me in a way that allowed me to jump right back into making art. I’m not behind, I haven’t suffered; my skills are still there. But now I understand unconditional love. I understand some of the other elements that only parenting really could have given me.”

And despite the fact that juggling motherhood and career requires a tremendous strength and patience and an ability to navigate minefields, for an artist, Coles says, there’s an unparalleled richness that comes into your life. “Though it took quite a number of studio hours away from me,” she says, “it returned dividends. It added a sort of nuance and fearlessness to my creativity that maybe wasn’t there before.”

“Yes,” Adrienne says. “I would just piggyback on what Robin has said that when we think of ourselves as artists, the primary thing is the hours spent in the studio, right? Our craft. But the most important piece that we often don’t think about, which is far more important than the hours, is the depth of the well that the art springs forth from. And there’s just nothing richer than loving your child and experiencing parenthood. And the art and the inspiration that comes from it happens in ways that you don’t expect.”

It's All In How You Look at It

“It’s really important to think in terms not of what you might be losing but what you’re gaining,” Brockman says. “And you don’t know what that is until you’re holding that baby in your arms for the first time.” Her advice: Be open to allowing your life to change instead of dwelling on what you might miss. “I have lots of friends who have maintained very good studio practices as sculptors and parents” she says. “Everyone’s different and it’s a very personal thing. What might work for your friend might not work for you.”

“I’m going to propose,” Hartshorn says as we wrap up our conversation, “that it’s not the mommy problem; it’s the mommy puzzle. Problems have weight. A puzzle, though, we’ve got all the pieces in the box. It’s a matter of putting them together, and it takes time, but they’re all there.”

Listen to artist interviews on my podcast Dinner with Artists!

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Why Lee Hutt Won’t Tell You Her Age

In the Spring issue of Sculpture Quarterly, the magazine is publish for the National Sculpture Society, I had the pleasure of writing about Lee Hutt. Her wisdom and delightfully dry sense of humor left me in awe–then there is her art.

One comment that really stood out to me came toward the end of the interview when I asked her the year she was born. She said she wouldn’t tell me because “we live in an ageist society and I don’t want to be judge by my age.”

Hard to argue with that. The following is my story on Lee Hutt. I hope it inspires you as it does for me daily.

“It’s a real working studio, so it’s not so pretty,” Lee Hutt says, still wondering why anyone would want to write about the old gas station in South Hadley, MA, she turned into a studio some 15 years ago. Her husband Alfred first spotted the building when it went up for sale. By then the gas station had been turned into a plumbing supply and was, to say the least, a fixer-upper.

“We looked in the window,” Lee recalls, “and I think what Alfred said is, ‘The first 20 years were mine, the second 20 years are yours. I want you to do what you want to do. This place should be yours.’”

An Artist's Journey

Prior to the gas station renovation, Lee had a series of studios in Holyoke, MA, across the canal in a building called the Mill.

“Can I tell you another story?” Lee says, leaning forward in her chair. “I was a family therapist, a full-time working therapist. And I always wanted to do art, so I went to the Mill, and I found a studio and David Scher, who owned the Mill, rented a studio to me. But I never went there, so I wrote him a letter and said, “I think you should rent the studio to someone else because I’m not going to get there.” He wrote back and said, “I can always rent the studio. Give yourself a break; art takes time.” The next week I moved into the studio.”

Her years working at the Mill provided more than four walls; it gave her a community of fellow artists. “That’s where I found encouragement, from other artists,” she says. “When you’re a late bloomer, as I am, that kind of contact and familiarity with other people is very encouraging to help you keep moving ahead.”

The Mill, however, was old and funky—perfect for artists—but eventually was flagged for not meeting code. The owner sold to a buyer who renovated the building and turned it into a marijuana dispensary. And so it goes.

Inspired by History

Renovating the gas station’s 4,000 square feet took almost two years. But it had good bones and a flat floor. She added doors tall enough for her rolling ladders to slide through, but otherwise the building had the basic necessities she knew she needed.

For the design of the interior spaces—she has three separate but continuous workspaces, an office, kitchen, and gallery—she paid attention to recommendations Malvina Hoffman (1885-1966) wrote about in her books on sculpture. Not only did Hoffman provide insight about layout for a sculpture studio but she also recommended important tools, such as the need for skeletons. “I have three or four,” Lee says, and then, after a moment, adds, “I bought a real skeleton from a friend, but I couldn’t work from it because it felt so odd—it was a real person. So, I built a very beautiful glass box for it. All the rest of my skeletons are made of plaster.”

Another imperative for Lee is her ever expanding book collection, for which she has floor to ceiling bookshelves along a wall, and a rolling library ladder for easy access. “You never can read enough,” Lee says. “I believe, even if you do different work, you should know about other artists and how their work was done and where it is. You should be able to navigate the world of sculpture.”

Of course, Lee had worked in many studios and visited numerous others, so she had a good sense of what she needed. Though, after a visit to the studio of Daniel Chester French (1850-1931), she was struck by the natural light that bathed the space. “I came home and said to Albert that we need a skylight!” And though it was expensive, Lee says it was worth it. “I think that lighting for sculpture is very specific; you have to be careful. You don’t want brilliant light because you can’t see shadows. Shadows tell you what’s there.”

Surround Yourself with Art

Back when Lee had her studio at the Mill, she was surrounded by artists, whose presence fired her imagination and opened creative possibilities. “A lot of artists stored their stuff in the hallways, so you could always see what they were doing,” she recalls. “I met so many people at the sink. That was very important for me, to see the diversity of what people do and what they see.” She also hired models and invited artists to come into her studio to sculpt, which she found quite instructional. “Everyone was different and that really encouraged me not to replicate the perfection that God had given the model. I tried very hard in the beginning to make it look exactly like the model, and I was pretty good at it, but the spirit came from somewhere else.”

These days, Lee doesn’t work amid the hustle and bustle of shared studio spaces, but instead enjoys long hours with one capable assistant. “I’ve always liked having people around me. I like having a bit of a dialogue.” Besides conversation, Kelly Potter, a ceramicist and artist in her own right, brings a youthful sensibility to Lee’s work.

“When Kelly first came to me, I left her with about three or four heads. They were this new slab work I do. I came in one day and she had glazed one and fired it and it had green stripes! I thought, ‘I’m a classic artist—what’s going to happen to me?!’ And then I realized that she has a young mind, and I can learn so much from her way of thinking without losing myself. In a way,” Lee adds, “I have always had that. While I think of myself as a solo artist, there has always been a model or somebody sweeping the floor or somebody down the hall. I like that. I think it’s important to your growth as an artist to be around other artists and other people.”

Despite her age, which she will not admit because, she insists, we live in an agist society, Lee still puts in eight to ten hours a day at the studio. (Thankfully, Alfred brings lunch most afternoons.) “I can’t wait to get back to work,” she says. “It’s corny but this is what people call a ‘happy place.’ When you’re an artist you have to work. You can’t sit around thinking, ‘what should I do?’ You just have to go and do it, however it comes out, whatever it is.”

And work she does. Lee is surrounded by sculptures in various stages, as well as brushes, glazes, tools, molds of nearly everything she’s sculpted, books, and life drawings that are perched on shelves throughout the studio. “If you can sculpt,” she says, frankly, “you can draw.”

In order to keep up with this practice, she has one workspace dedicated to charcoal drawing. The other two workspaces are set aside for sculpting: one for plaster casts, a messy process that must be kept separate, and the other for clay and her kiln, as well as an exhaust system to keep the air fresh and surfaces clean.

Interestingly, there are also fragments of her work lying about the studio. “One of the things that I have found over time is that sometimes the fragment of a face or the fragment of a piece you’re working on tells more than if you added every detail and every curve,” she explains. “I learned over time—and lots of broken pieces—that the fragments were more the ‘art’ than the entire sculpture. It’s very hard to learn but you have to see stuff laying all over the place.”

This practice of surrounding herself with work and fragments helped her learn when a sculpture was done, when it had captured the spirit of the person. “It’s hard to say why that is but you feel it, you see it, you have to listen to what you feel and see and stop fiddling with it because it’s done,” she explains. “It’s while you’re working, especially for portraiture, there is a moment while you’re working that you know this piece is done. You still have details to do but, in your heart, you know it’s done.”

Transitions

“In some ways, my whole life is a transition” Lee says, thinking back on her journey to this space. “You bring all the insights and experiences with you. And I don’t think you’re ever the same person. Why did I do ceramics? Well, I always took workshops. That’s how I learned to be a sculptor.”

Lee’s artistic path started after college when she took off to study painting in Belgium. A couple years into her studies, however, her parents let her know it was time to come home and get a real job, which she did, first teaching school in Brooklyn, then working in Manhattan for Child Welfare. The state of New York paid for graduate school, so she got a degree in family therapy and hung out her shingle. Still, art beckoned, and so, she sought out places to study art in the evenings and on weekends, which is how she wound up in a sculpting workshop held in the basement of the Springfield Museum of Art, MA. That workshop sealed her fate.

“Many sculptors will tell you,” Lee says, “it is like falling in love: you can’t think of anything else; you don’t want to do anything else. It’s compelling. You don’t do it occasionally, you do it all the time. I think that’s universal among sculptors.”

Recently, a workshop with Sergei Isupov (b. 1963) sent her on yet another new path into the world of ceramics. “What he did was demonstrate how you can use a slab to build a piece that could be six feet high. He showed me how you work a slab of clay to create something that is in your mind. No armature. I didn’t have to stand on my feet,” she says, pointing out the long tables she and Kelly work at seated.

“It’s not funny. When you get older, it’s hard to stand for long stretches on your feet. So, I learned the slab method and started working with slabs of clay creating whatever came to mind.”

She still sends work to the Modern Art foundry, Long Island City, NY, and has her longtime mold maker, Greggory Glasson, create molds of everything she sculpts, including the new pieces destined for the kiln.

“This is the next permutation of my life where I find myself and my interest. I just go for it. If I was my own patient and my patient said, ‘Should I do it?,’ I would tell my patient to go for it. Don’t let those desires and talents go to waste. Go for it. That’s what I do. Right now, it’s ceramic and lots of it. I have to tell you, it’s a lot.”

Whimsy

This latest body of work has taken Lee down a rather whimsical path. When asked how reflective this new work is of her personality, she says, “I like to make jokes and I’m pretty good at it. And I like beautiful things. Some of them are funny. I think it’s me, you know? What I think, you should be true to your feelings and your vision, whatever that is, you should pursue it. I’ve always been interested in people so, it’s a natural transition. I was a therapist, and now I’m a sculptor of people.”

A determined sculptor can make any space work. The main thing, Lee insists, is to be generous with yourself, to invest in your art, and to always present your work professionally. And, no matter what, don’t let anything get in your way.

“I am a late bloomer. I always was a late bloomer, but I’m blooming,” she says, glancing around her studio then adds, “I’m going to sculpt until the day I die.”

Why Collectors Should Buy Prints (but artists should not make them)

The fine art print market is a great way to start collecting. But it is a complex art form that requires buyers to understand some technical aspects to printmaking.

For beginning collectors, prints are an easy way to buy nice works by substantial artists at prices that won’t stop your heart. For seasoned collectors, the print market is a fabulous way to acquire works by deceased artists whose paintings regularly sell at auction for staggering sums.

Consider James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834-1903). In 2020 at Christie’s British and European Art sale in London, Whistler’s 5 x 8.5 inch watercolor, “Chelsea Shopfronts,” sold for $79,840 (buyer fee included). And the following year at Christie’s New York 20^th Century Evening Sale, his oil painting “Whistler Smoking,” 9.5 x 6.63 inches, sold for $1.2M. Whistler’s paintings rarely come up for sale, but his print work shows up frequently on the secondary market. That’s because, during his lifetime, Whistler made more than 400 etching and dry point plates and some 150 lithographs, which means there are multiples of those 550 or more images out there in the world, many selling for $1,500 to $28,000.

It’s basically supply and demand: Whistler paintings are scarce; his prints are not.

Affordability and Accessibility

The earliest known prints date back to sixth- and seventh-century Egyptian wood block prints on textiles and eighth-century Japanese relief prints. Since then, other printing processes have been added to the mix, which has opened up this art form of “original multiples” and made it accessible and affordable for both artists and collectors.

But wait, artists should or shouldn’t make prints?

OK, I’m going to split hairs here. Prints in their various hand-pulled forms are works of art in and of themselves. Mechanical prints such as giclees are reproductions–facsimiles–of original works of art; they are not the original works of art.

There is an important distinction to make when looking at prints: manual versus mechanical; human versus machine. In order to figure out the difference, it’s good to start with a little background knowledge.

Printmaking 101

Manually pulled prints can be created using various means. The oldest prints were done as reliefs where a raised design on, say a carved block of wood, is inked, paper laid on top, and pressure applied to transfer the ink onto the paper. The second oldest form is intaglio, meaning “incising or engraving.” In this method, the image is etched into a plate, ink is pushed into the engraved lines, the surface wiped clean, paper laid on top followed by blankets, and then the whole kit-and-kaboodle is run through a press with heavy pressure, causing the paper to absorb ink from the incised lines. This process leaves a plate mark when the paper dries (check out the sidebar for more tips on discerning prints).

Here’s short video that shows you how intaglio prints are made. Pretty cool.

This video explains lithography.

The third process, which is more recent, is known as planographic or surface printing—we’re talking lithography. This is done on a litho stone or flat metal surface. The idea here is that water and oil don’t mix. An image is created on the surface in oil that is chemically manipulated to accept ink. Water is then applied to the surface so that when the ink is rolled across the image it only adheres to the oil. Next, paper is set on top, run through a press, and voila.

Screenprints and monotypes are the most recent printing processes. Screenprints are essentially large silk screens where the image is masked off. Ink is pulled over the screen so that it falls evenly onto the paper. Many layers of colored ink are used to create one image and, as a result, you can usually see the ink laying on the surface more readily than in other printing processes. Monotypes are “mono” because there is only one—technically. The artist does a painting on a flat surface—plexiglass or copper, for example—damp paper is laid on top of the painting, then the whole thing is run through the press. A mirror image is pulled, leaving a ghost image behind. The artist can go back over the ghost image and change it, re-ink it, and run another print, though it will be noticeably different, thus a new monotype.

How to print serigraphs like Warhol.

Quick Monotype demo.

And, just to make this all a little more challenging, lots of these processes can be combined to make an image. All-in-all, printmaking is deceptively complicated and quite possibly one of the most underrated art forms.

The final category of prints are mechanical. Machine made off-set lithography, which is how this magazine you are reading was printed, and giclees are the most common, which brings us to the downside of printmaking for artists. (Giclee is a French word meaning “to spray,” which refers to the inkjet process of spraying ink on paper to reproduce art.)

More Isn't Always Better

Supply and demand does play into pricing art. Paintings are singular. Yes, artists can riff off the same image, but those are all new paintings. Hand-pulled prints come in multiples (except monotypes, which, as stated already, are unique paintings run through a press). Prints are numbered; however, hand-made prints tend to have lower numbered print runs because the plate or silkscreen simply wears out. With wood cuts, the artist may have one or two plates for an image, but that plate is run through the press multiple times and for each new color—some images have upwards of 20 color changes—the wood block is further carved away so that, by the end of production, the plate is destroyed.

Machines that make prints, however, do not wear out—well, not in the same way traditional printmaking tools do. And beyond the photographer who took a high resolution photo of the art and the pressman who oversees the printing, there isn’t any human contact.

Competing Against Yourself

And now we get to why I suggest artists who are not traditional printmakers should not make prints (giclees).

With giclees, an artist can flood the market with reproductions of individual paintings. For new artists scrambling to pay rent and buy groceries, the promise of making a hundred bucks off a giclee sounds like salvation. You can practically sell them off your website while you sleep! What could possibly go wrong?

While these prints are incredibly accurate reproductions of paintings, they actually create a troubling side effect: artists start to compete against themselves. In the art market, at a certain price range, lots of art buyers can’t tell the difference between an original and a giclee and so, think, why pay more when the print is so good? Established collectors, however, know this is the equivalent of buying a Farrah Fawcett poster: totally rad, dude, but not the real thing.

So, when it comes to prints, scarcity and the human touch create value. Mechanical prints are beautiful but won’t hold their value. Manual prints, however, will because each print was—wait for it—hand pulled through a press. This is where being a flawed human is actually kind of a bonus. The savvy print collector looks for works pulled by specific master printers at certain presses that coincide with the era of the artist. Craftsmanship counts: you want to see the hand that built it.

Become a Savvy Print Collector

If you think you want to collect prints, we highly recommend educating yourself on the various printing processes. Bamber Gascoigne’s book “How to Identify Prints, a complete guide to manual and mechanical processes from woodcut to inkjet” is invaluable. Visit some print fairs to see works up close and ask experts to explain what you’re looking at and why it’s priced as it is. There are myriad issues to consider before buying prints, but it all starts with identifying what kind of print you’re looking at. Once you invest the time to really learn about prints, you can find truly valuable pieces at estate sales, consignment shops, and antique stores. Check out the sidebar for telltale signs you’re looking at something of value.

How to Find Hidden Gems in the Art Market

Rule out mechanical prints. You’re looking for a regular dot matrix pattern. This is a dead giveaway. You might need a magnifying glass (a loop with 4x magnification) to see the pattern of dots. It will look a lot like the Sunday comics in newspapers.
Plate impression. You can easily see where an intaglio plate left an impression around the outside of the image. These images are almost always one color—black or sepia. If there is color, that may indicate that the artist painted on the print, making it a unique work of art.
Color could also indicate lithography, serigraphy, or mechanical printing. Sometimes, if you look from the side of a print, you can see a layer of ink floating on the surface. This would indicate a monotype, lithograph, or serigraph. Again, look for the dot pattern, when in doubt.
Double signature line. If you see a print with two signatures, one within the painting and another on the white paper border, it’s probably a mechanical print. A high resolution photo was taken of the painting—signature and all—and used to create a digital file that was then run on a mechanical press. The artist then signs and numbers these pieces of paper, indicating it’s a reproduction of the original.
Single signature line in pencil. With hand-pulled prints, the artist’s signature will be written in pencil, usually along the bottom of the image. There will also be a title, often centered below the image, and edition numbers indicated by a number over another number.
Edition numbers. With hand-pulled prints, the first number is the individual piece number, and the second number is the total number of prints that were pulled. So, 21/50 means you have print number 21 out of a total of 50 prints. Look for low numbers. If, however, the number is above 100—say, 1,200, for example—those are mechanical prints. No plates or screens can hold up to that amount of re-inking and runs through a press or scrapes of ink across the surface.
Edition letters. You might also see things like “AP,” which is an artist proof. “PP” is printer’s proof, which are proofs given to the print studio. “HC” prints are hors commerce prints, meaning “out of trade.” They are only given out by the artist and are quite rare.
When selecting prints, inspect them carefully. You don’t want to buy things with tears, creases, foxing or discoloration caused when a print was exposed to oxidation or acidity, usually from exposure to wood pulp from inferior matting. Some condition issues can be corrected, so it’s worth asking a conservator first.

Contemporary Printmakers I Love

Understanding Yourself Through Art

An astute art collector once told me that whenever he’s in Manhattan, he visits the Whitney Museum so he can sit on the bench in front of their immense Jackson Pollock drip painting. He doesn’t do this because he likes the painting—he doesn’t even understand it. He visits the Pollock, he says, because he doesn’t like or understand it.

Recently, when I asked if the Pollock painting made sense to him yet, he said he thinks he understands it. Maybe. What did he understand, you wonder? I didn’t ask because, really, it doesn’t matter. I knew he wasn’t searching for proof of the painting’s validity; he had read plenty of critical essays on Pollock and the drip paintings to know how and why they were considered pivotal works in the American post-war art movement. And he is astute enough to understand that liking or disliking a work of art is a matter of personal taste.

So, why did he waste time looking at art he didn’t like? That question is exactly what I'm tackling this month.

But first, a disclaimer: Spending time with art that repulses you is not what I’m talking about here. I’m talking about stepping out of your comfort zone and exposing yourself to art you don’t understand. Maybe abstraction bothers you or conceptual installation or performance art. Whatever it is, just keep in mind that most artists are not willfully trying to upset you; they don’t even know you. So, next time you’re confronted with art that makes you angry enough to want to take a tire iron or can of spray paint to it, please just leave.

However, if you stay and allow your mind to plumb the depths of your unease, kudos! You are ready to take your understanding of art (and yourself) to the next level.

1. Think Like an Artist

As collectors, you are instinctively curious. You enjoy learning how and why something came into being. You love adding knowledge to your big brain. But sometimes art causes sharp negative reactions. It’s not always logical but it is always valid. When confronted with art that rubs you the wrong way, take a step back and consider why.

Note: your feelings are entirely yours; no one can make you feel anything. Exploring your reaction to art, i.e., participating in the experience, is what art is all about.

You might be interested to know that lots of artists have the habit of checking out art that bothers them. While it may sound like an unproductive afternoon spent with stuff that doesn’t support your own ideals, artists know something is happening internally when art gets under their skin and that internal disruption can lead to personal artistic breakthroughs.

I have been told by many artists that the act of making art is problem solving. There are a million decisions that go into every piece of art. No matter how realistic a painting might appear, for example, it is still a whole bunch of abstract brushstrokes laid side-by-side creating familiar patterns in the brain of the viewer that then signal recognition.

But when those abstract brushstrokes, no matter how they are configured, stir an emotion in you, the question you need to ask is: what am I picking up on and why?

Here's an interesting bit of science...

Art may ruffle your feathers for reasons beyond subject matter—or lack thereof. If you’re anything like Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944), color may affect you in strange and palpable ways. Kandinsky, a pioneer of abstract painting, had the neurological condition known as synesthesia. For people with synesthesia, the brain reroutes sensory information through other unrelated senses.

Within Kandinsky’s brain, music was assigned various colors. The sound of trumpets registered as red, for example, an old violin was orange. Violet connoted the deep tones of an English horn or a bassoon, light blue appeared with notes from a flute, and a cello shone as dark blue.

Kandinsky began his painting career depicting things more representationally but as he allowed music to play a bigger role in his work, his work became completely abstract, which he called painted symphonies.

Knowing what is rumbling around in an artist’s brain, such as Kandinsky’s, adds depth and character and connection not only to the work but to the artist as a person. Curiosity, I believe, is the key to unlocking this world.

2. Open Your Mind Through Discontent

The play “Art,” by Yasmina Reza centers around a white painting that one of the characters bought for $200,000. Serge, the proud owner, can’t wait to have his two best friends see the painting, but things don’t go as he’d hoped. Yvan is ambivalent and wishy-washy—much like he is in life—and Marc, the engineer, is aghast and feels affronted by his friend’s choice of a totally white canvas. He simply can’t understand why anyone would spend that much money on something that is, in his mind, “shit.”

The painting becomes the fourth character in the play. Its role is to goad the men into confronting deeper issues in their own lives as well as their friendship. Because of a painting, each man’s personal fears and foibles are laid bare. Ultimately, Serge, in utter frustration, hands a felt tip pen to Marc and invites him to draw on the painting if he thinks it’s so awful. (Spoiler alert: Marc does!)

There’s plenty of subtext here that begs the question: how do we deal with people who think differently than we do? Of course, when a friend’s taste in art, books, music, or movies leaves us wondering why someone we thought we knew actually liked that, we probably won’t kick them out of our lives, but something has shifted in the friendship.

While it’s silly to end a friendship over a painting, we do end friendships over personal opinions all the time. Consider the last time you had a constructive conversation with someone whose view on the environment or politics was the opposite of yours. Be honest. Did you both speak calmly and respectfully and, as a result, grow in your knowledge of an issue and your opinion of one another? Yeah, that’s what I thought.

In a recent essay for the New York Times, columnist David Brooks argues that society has become sad, lonely, angry, and mean “in part because so many people have not been taught or don’t bother practicing to enter sympathetically into the minds of their fellow human beings.” He suggests that the decline in people going to museums or galleries, attending classical music concerts, opera, or ballet may be part of the problem. Art, he insists, allows us access into other people’s worlds, which is how we learn empathy toward one another. Without an appreciation for art, he believes, we struggle to get along.

3. Expand Your Mind

Today we love the Impressionists. In the late 1800s, however, the term “impressionism” was coined by critic Louis Leroy to make fun of the 30 painters who had banded together to hold their own exhibitions because the salons in London and Paris refused their work. This isn’t an anomaly in the art world; it continues to happen to this day. But it does shine a light on the difficulties artists face when exploring new forms of expression.

For collectors who have been at it for a while, your concept of what is good art has probably changed and evolved, too. You may even have a few pieces of art relegated to back bedrooms or closets. These things just don’t speak to you any longer; you’ve moved on.

Consider for a minute, why. Was it that you’ve seen much more art and have a broader knowledge of how things are made, and the level of skill required? Do you have a better understanding of creativity and artistry and the bravery that went into a piece of art? Are you no longer challenged by those older works?

Perhaps part of your evolution as a collector came with a desire to be more of an active participant, to feel more engagement with the things surrounding you. Engaging with art may mean it’s challenging you, but it also may mean that it is allowing you to disengage from your day-to-day work and let your brain live in a different, more creative headspace for a while.

Consider This

If art is resonating with you, something is present in your body, your mind, and your emotional makeup that hears its name being called. That’s what’s happening: the art is calling to you.

Sometimes a work of art is calling to you but it’s making you uncomfortable because you don’t understand what’s happening. Take a chance, if you’re up for it, and approach this work as if you’re on a quest for knowledge and understanding of art. But really, the search is for a deeper understanding of yourself.

Talking to Artists

I’ve met many collectors who get tongue-tied when it comes to talking to artists. Most collectors do not want to hurt anyone’s feeling, especially an artist they admire. The question is then, what can they say that won’t get them in trouble?

On the flip-side, because art comes from a personal place of introspection, it can be difficult for some artists to express their work’s deeper meaning verbally. This may be why, when asked to talk about their work, many artists fall into “art speak,” when they tell you all about their medium, creative process, or how they search for beauty or great designs. In other words, they stay on the surface — literally.

If you are a collector who wants to make a genuine connection with the artist whose work has caught your eye, here are some of the politest ways to get past “art speak” and into the heart of an artist’s story.

If you’re an artist, please chime in with your thoughts on how collectors can connect with you.

Genuine Connections

Think of art as an extension of the person who made it, like tangled necklaces, the two cannot be easily separated. Everything from the daily news to books, movies, and random conversations can filter into a person’s art. And then there are the memories from childhood and past relationships, where you live, travel — the sky’s the limit. In other words, a person’s entire life is fodder for art. And how that comes out is part of the language each individual has developed in their chosen medium.

As a collector, you want to know the origin stories of artwork in your collection for several reasons. First, this is the heart and soul of the work. Second, as a human, you’re hardwired for stories, so this is your strongest connection to the work. Third, stories add to the provenance of the work — think Picasso’s Blue Period or Jackson Pollock’s “drip paintings.” When collecting living artist’s work, you want pinnacle pieces. Learning the origin of thought behind each work is the key to getting to this peak.

My Kid Could Have Done That

So, how do you draw out these stories? Let’s start with what not to do. Do not say out loudly in a room filled with artists or any sort: “You call that art?! My kid could have done that.”

If you’ve said this, please never do it again. Your kid didn’t make the art hanging in a gallery, museum, or your friends’ home. When you say this, it reflects poorly on you; you are immediately pegged as someone who has no true interest in art, so engaging in a conversation will be a waste of time. And really, isn’t there enough negative talk in the world these days?

Step one: Keep an Open Mind

Art requires your participation. The level to which you participate — from a passive glance to making a purchase — that’s up to you. The artist can’t make you feel anything. Add to it that the more you understand about art, the more you will respond. Even if you never enjoy a particular art style or form, your knowledge will allow you to bring an educated eye and a curious mind to the experience.

Collectors who are curious and enjoy learning also tend to bring the spirit of open-mindedness to most situations. They slow down and ask themselves why they like or are bothered by something. Knowing that they bring their own baggage to every situation, not just an art experience, allows them to step back and think through what’s stirring up strong emotions — and helps them not buy on impulse or dismiss something important.

Open-mindedness is a skill worth developing. Visit museums and gallery exhibitions and listen to those immediate reactions. Then, ask questions and read up on the work you are seeing. This isn’t about learning to like art you simply don’t like; it’s about <ITL>not letting subjective feelings rule your thought process.

Origin Stories

One of the most common questions people ask artists is: “How long did it take you to make that?” And a common (snarky) artist response is: “My whole life.” Because it did, essentially, take an entire lifetime of experiences to make the art you’re looking at. And the next piece will require all that experience plus this new experience learned from creating the last object. So, it’s not a total brush-off, but it is a way to deflect the question. Why, you may wonder, would an artist want to avoid answering something so straightforward?

Frankly, artists have learned that it’s much easier to give a snappy response to this one because the amount of time is irrelevant. Besides, this is just a conversation starter, much like “What do you do for a living?” But there’s also the part that can bite an artist. If they say, “Oh, this one just flowed out of me in a couple of hours!” Then the client does some quick math and translates that into an hourly rate — because non-artists often charge by the hour — and now the inquisitor is in the position of deciding whether the artist is worth that hourly rate or not.

What Artists Would Rather Talk About

Instead, here are a few examples artists wish collectors would ask instead of “How long did it take you?”

Artist David Michael Slonim would love to answer this question: “What visual input from when you were young do you suspect might be showing up in your work now?”

In fact, he often writes about his response to this question on social media:

Dad’s gone now, but I can still picture him as a young man sprinting back and forth across a field trying to get a colorful box kite airborne. Eventually, the kite lifts, he lets out the string carefully, then comes over and hands the spool to his 8 year old son — so I can fly my kite. That’s fatherhood in a nutshell: Busting your tail to give something of value to your kids.

His painting Flying Machine, he realized after it was finished, came from this memory.

Victoria Eubanks loves this question: “Where were you when you painted that?”

She always remembers where she was when paintings came to her, and she feels like that question leads to bigger conversations. “I might have been sitting with my father while he was in the hospital and drew his shoes because I needed a break from the stress of being there,” Eubanks says.

Kim Lordier finds this an intriguing inquiry: “What’s the biggest challenge you had to overcome to be an artist?”

And Sophy Brown finds the question, “Is what you do cathartic?” to be interesting and complicated. “It’s true that subject and content are determined by an emotional connection. But the word ‘cathartic’ suggests that there is some kind of psychological relief, a cleansing through the expression…”

To know the rest of Sophy’s answer as well as how your favorite artists might respond, you’ll just have to ask.

Do consider your surroundings, however. If you’re at a crowded opening, the artist might be too distracted to get into a deep philosophical discussion, but if they do want to go down that path, you might be surprised by how many others gather around.

Ultimately, this is the stuff you want to know; it’s the information you will repeat when someone asks about the art you own. And the bonus is that you will be forging a deeper connection with the artist while uncovering commonalities that you had no idea existed.

More Great Conversation Starters

Are you stumped when it comes to talking to artists? Perhaps a bit starstruck by your favorites or afraid to sound uninformed when asking questions? We’ve got you covered. Here are some questions to consider before your next artistic encounter…

Did you have a mentor when you started as an artist?

Who inspired you to become an artist?

What surprised you as you worked on that piece?

Where do you see your work going next?

What art books do you recommend?

What question do you wish people would ask you about your work?

Where do your ideas come from?

What’s the key to your growth as an artist?

What advice would you give your younger artist self?

What do you collect?

Author: Rose Fredrick

Art Dealers: King Makers

The Backroom

Museum Curators: Taste Makers

The Inside Track

You Bought What?

Getting it Right

Circling Back

Insurance Coverage

The 3 Ds: Divorce, Debt, Death

What to Look for in an Appraiser

What to Expect

Get a Head Start

Airtable

How Do Disasters Affect Premiums?

Know Before You Need It

Market Value

Mitigation

Other Concerns

How to Help Artists In Need

Do you need an art valuation for insurance? Give me a call to discuss, 303-733-4755.

Reframing Icons

A Sign of the Times

Art Deco, Meet Western Art

On the Edge

Larger Than Life

Can We Talk?

Out of Context

Playing with Pattern

Metaphorically Speaking

Welcome to the Sublime

You Just Gotta Laugh

Go Ahead, Take a Chance

So Ugly They're...Gorgeous

Is Western a Place or an Idea?

Icons for a New West, January 9-28m 2025

Next Month: I'll break this down for artists.

Documentation

Separating the Wheat from the Chaff

Cleaning House

Resales

Gifts

Donations

Do you have questions or need help with your art collection? Please send me an email: rose@rosefredrick.com.

A Tax On Pants

Sure You Can Be An Artist and Have Kids

The Mommy Problem

Keeping a Foot in the Door

Don't Mind the Belly

Postpartum--It's Real, Y'all

The Guilt Spiral

Loosing Yourself

Rediscovering Yourself

It's All In How You Look at It

An Artist's Journey

Inspired by History

Surround Yourself with Art

Transitions

Whimsy

Affordability and Accessibility

Printmaking 101

More Isn't Always Better

Competing Against Yourself

Become a Savvy Print Collector

How to Find Hidden Gems in the Art Market

Contemporary Printmakers I Love

So, why did he waste time looking at art he didn’t like? That question is exactly what I'm tackling this month.

1. Think Like an Artist

Here's an interesting bit of science...

2. Open Your Mind Through Discontent

3. Expand Your Mind

Consider This

Genuine Connections

My Kid Could Have Done That

Step one: Keep an Open Mind

Origin Stories

What Artists Would Rather Talk About

More Great Conversation Starters

Please leave your favorite questions below! Thanks for reading.